DRAINAGE

Drainage is the process whereby excess water in the soil is removed artificially to promote good farming activities.
Importance Of Drainage
  The reasons for drainage agricultural land include the following:
1. It facilities early planting.
2. It protects soil from water logging.
3. It improves soil aeration.
4. It implies) increases soil temperature.
5. It allows for cultivation process.
Types Of Drainage SYSTEM
1. Surface Drainage: This involves the orderly removal of excess water artificially from the surface of the land using constructed open ditches and land grading.
Advantages Of Surface Drainage
1. It is relatively easy to construct.
2. It is cheaper than the sub- surface drainage system.
Disadvantages OF Surface Drainage
1. It occupies good land that could have been used for planting.
2. They hinder the passage of machines like tractors.
3. They are prone to guilty erosion.
4. It requires frequent maintenance.
2. Sub- Surface/ Underground Drainage: This is the orderly removal of excess water from the land , using tiles or moles or perforated pipes dug under the ground.
 Advantages of Sub-surfaces Drainage
1. It does not pose any threat to machines.
2. High value crops are grown.
3. It leaves the field from surface obstructions.
4. Cost of maintenance is low
Disadvantages Of Sub-surface Drainage
1. It is very expensive to operate.
2. It cannot be easily constructed.
3. It is difficult to maintain.
4. It needs very deep evacuation of the soil.